Prime factorization is the process of breaking down a composite number into a product of prime numbers. Every integer greater than 1 has a unique prime factorization (Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic).
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Pro Tips
2 is the only even prime number.
A number is prime if its only factors are 1 and itself.
Prime factorization is heavily used in cryptography, specifically in RSA encryption.
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Fun Facts
"The largest known prime numbers have millions of digits and are found using supercomputers through the GIMPS project."
