Calculate heat transfer rates via conduction, convection, and radiation.
Input Parameters
m²
°C
°C
W/m·K
m
s
Calculation Results
Enter parameters to calculate heat transfer
Quick Reference
kThermal Conductivity
hConvection Coefficient
εEmissivity
σStefan-Boltzmann Const
dMaterial Thickness
Overview
Heat transfer is the exchange of thermal energy between systems. There are three primary modes: conduction (through materials), convection (via fluid motion), and radiation (via electromagnetic waves).
💡
Pro Tips
For radiation, temperatures MUST be in Kelvin (K = °C + 273.15).
Thermal conductivity (k) varies greatly between materials (Metals are high, insulators are low).
Emissivity (ε) is a value between 0 and 1; a perfect blackbody has ε = 1.
The result is the heat flow rate (Power in Watts) or total heat (Energy in Joules) if time is provided.
!
Fun Facts
"Vacuum is the perfect insulator for conduction and convection, which is why thermos flasks use it."
"Silver has the highest thermal conductivity of all common metals."
"Most thermal radiation from humans is in the infrared spectrum."
