Calculate the speed of a projectile based on its muzzle energy and mass.
Ballistic Data
Velocity Results
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About this calculator
Overview
Muzzle velocity is the speed at which a projectile leaves the barrel of a firearm. It is determined by the pressure of the gases behind the projectile and the mass of the projectile itself.
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Pro Tips
Lightweight bullets require higher velocities to reach the same energy as heavier ones.
Most chronographs measure velocity at a short distance from the muzzle, not the exact muzzle velocity.
Bullet manufacturers usually provide the mass in grains (gr).
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Fun Facts
"The world's fastest rifle bullets travel at over 4,000 feet per second."
"Muzzle velocity decreases as the barrel gets shorter because there's less time for pressure to build."
"The speed of sound is roughly 1,125 fps; bullets faster than this create a 'sonic crack'."
