Calculate the temperature of an object over time as it cools or warms to its surroundings.
Initial Parameters
1/t
Calculation Results
Enter parameters to calculate
About this calculator
Quick Reference
T(t)Temperature at time t
Tâ‚›Ambient temperature
Tâ‚€Initial temperature
kCooling constant
tTime elapsed
Overview
Newton's Law of Cooling states that the rate of heat loss of a body is directly proportional to the difference in the temperatures between the body and its surroundings. This is an exponential decay process.
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Pro Tips
Ensure all temperatures are in the same unit (°C, °F, or K).
The cooling constant (k) depends on the object's surface area, material, and the nature of the surroundings.
If the object is colder than the surroundings, it will warm up following the same formula.
This law is most accurate when the temperature difference is small and convection is the primary heat transfer mechanism.
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Fun Facts
"Isaac Newton published this law anonymously in 1701."
"Forensic scientists use Newton's Law of Cooling to estimate the time of death (though they use more complex models now)."
"Your cup of coffee cools faster when it's very hot than when it's close to room temperature."
